to be refuted

ἐλεγκτά̱, ἐλεγκτήρ

one who convicts: masc nom /voc /acc dual

ἐλεγκτήρ

one who convicts: masc voc sg

ἐλεγκτήρ

one who convicts: masc nom sg (epic)

ἐλεγκτός

fit to be refuted or worthy of reproof: neut nom /voc /acc pl

ἐλεγκτά̱, ἐλεγκτός

fit to be refuted or worthy of reproof: fem nom /voc /acc dual

ἐλεγκτά̱, ἐλεγκτός

fit to be refuted or worthy of reproof: fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐλεγκτά̱, ἐλεγκτήρ

one who convicts: masc nom /voc /acc dual

ἐλεγκτήρ

one who convicts: masc voc sg

ἐλεγκτήρ

one who convicts: masc nom sg (epic)

ἐλεγκτός

fit to be refuted or worthy of reproof: neut nom /voc /acc pl

ἐλεγκτά̱, ἐλεγκτός

fit to be refuted or worthy of reproof: fem nom /voc /acc dual

ἐλεγκτά̱, ἐλεγκτός

fit to be refuted or worthy of reproof: fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐξελεγκτέος

to be refuted: masc acc sg

ἐξελεγκτέος

to be refuted: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἐξελεγκτέος

to be refuted: masc acc sg

ἐξελεγκτέος

to be refuted: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἐξελεγκτέος

to be refuted: masc nom sg

ἐξελεγκτέος

to be refuted: masc nom sg

εἰκτικός, ή, όν, ([etym.] εἴκω)

A readily yielding, φύσις, of the void, Phld. Sign.18, cf. Max. Tyr.13.3 ([comp] Comp.), Heliod. ap. Orib.44.10.2, Them. in de An.92.36: metaph., weak, easily refuted,

λόγος Phld.Sign.13

.

εὐανά-τρεπτος, ον,

A easy to upset, actiones Cic.Att.2.14.1, cf.Heph.Astr.Praef.; easily refuted, Iamb.Protr.21.κ.

2 Medic., ' shaky', Gal.18(1).605; but τὸ τῆς σαρκὸς εὐ. mobility, Id.UP1.7.

εὐθῡν-ω, ([etym.] εὐθύς) = the Homeric ἰθύνω (which is a freq. v.l., as in A.Pers. 773): —

A guide straight, direct,

οἰωνὸν γνώμῃ στομίων ἄτερ εὐθύνων Id.Pr. 289

;

εὐ. ἡνίας Ar.Av. 1739

(lyr.); [ ἅρματα] Isoc.1.32; εὐ. δόρυ steer the bark straight, E.Cyc.15;

εὐ. πλάτην Id.Hec.39

;

ὁ εὐθύνων

the helmsman,

Ep.Jac.3.4

; εὐ. ἀγέλας lead or drive them, X.Cyr.1.1.2; εὐ. χερσί manage, guide him, S.Aj. 542;

εὐ. πόδα E.Heracl. 728

, etc.

2 metaph., direct, govern,

Κύρου δὲ παῖς.. ηὔθυνε στρατόν A.Pers. 773

;

πᾶσαν εὐθύνων πόλιν S.Ant. 178

, cf. 1164, E.Hec.9, Pl.Min. 320d.

3 make straight, straighten, opp.

κάμπτειν, πτέρυγας Arist.IA 709b10

:— [voice] Pass., Id.Mete. 385b32.

II make or put straight, εὐ. δίκας σκολιάς make crooked judgements straight, Sol.4.37;

εὐ. λαοῖς δίκας Pi.P.4.153

; εὐ. οὖρον send a straight fair wind, Id.O.13.28;

εὐ. ὄλβον Id.P. 1.46

;

ὥσπερ ξύλον διαστρεφόμενον.. εὐ. ἀπειλαῖς καὶ πληγαῖς Pl.Prt. 325d

, cf. 326e.

III examine the conduct of an official, Id.Plt. 299a;

εὐ. τὰς ἀρχάς Arist.Pol. 1271a6

, 1274a17, al.:—[voice] Pass., c. gen., -

όμενος τῆς ἐφορείας Id.Rh. 1419a31

.

2 c. gen. criminis, call to account for..,

τινα κλοπῆς Plu.Cic.9

:—[voice] Pass., τῶν ἀδικημάτων ηὐθύνθη Th.1.95; οἱ -όμενοι the culprits, Mitteis Chr. 31 iii 10 (ii B.C.), cf. Notiz.Arch.4.21 (Cyrene, i B.C.): c. dat.,

εὐ. φόνῳ PTeb.14.4

(ii B.C.); to be mulcted, punished,

ἐπί τινι D.C.Fr.90

, al.: abs., IG12.41.6; ἑκατὸν δραχμῆσι ib.4.15, al.

3 generally, refute or censure,

τοὺς λόγους τινός Phld.Piet.67

;

τὴν Φιλίστου διάλεκτον Plu.Nic.1

:—[voice] Pass., to be refuted,

δι' αὐτῶν τῶν φαινομένων Phld.Sign.30

, cf. Plot.3.6.13; but also, to be critically examined, Id.4.6.13.

4 examine by torture, Procop.Goth.3.32 ([place name] Pass).

IV intr., serve as εὔθυνος, Pl.Lg. 946d.

εὐπερί-τρεπτος, ον,

A easy to turn over,

λίθος Seleuc.

ap.Ath.4.155e; supple,

κάμψις Gal.UP2.4

.

II easily refuted or reversible, Luc.JTr.50.

κλον-έω, mostly in [tense] pres.: [tense] fut. - ήσω Ar.Eq. 361:—[voice] Pass. also mostly in [tense] pres.: [tense] fut.

A

κλονήσομαι Hp.Genit.2

: [tense] aor. part.

κλονηθέν Id.Nat. Puer.30

: ([etym.] κλόνος):—poet. Verb, used also in [dialect] Ion. and late Prose, as Ph. (v. infr.), Aq.Ge.45.24, al.: Hom. (only in Il.) drive tumultuously or in confusion,

πρὸ ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας Il.5.96

;

ὥς τ' ἠὲ βοῶν ἀγέλην ἢ πῶϋ μέγ' οἰῶν θῆρε δύω κλονέωσι 15.324

; of winds,

νέφεα κλονέοντε πάροιθεν 23.213

, cf. Hes.Op. 553;

κλονέων ἄνεμος φλόγα εἰλυφάζει Il.20.492

;

ὣς ἔφεπε κλονέων πεδίον 11.496

, cf. 526; Ἕκτορα δ' ἀσπερχὲς κλονέων ἔφεπ' 22.188; χερὶ κλονέειν τινά, of a pugilist, Pi.I.8(7).70;

εὖτ' ἐν πεδίῳ κλονέων μαίνοιτ' Ἀχιλλεύς B.12.118

; dub. sens. in Sapph.Supp.19.3: generally, harass, agitate,

καί νιν οὐ θάλπος θεοῦ.., οὐδὲ πνευμάτων οὐδὲν κλονεῖ S.Tr. 146

;

τόνδε.. ἆται κ. Id.OC 1244

(lyr.), cf. Ar.Eq. 361;

πάθη κ. τὴν ψυχήν Ph.1.589

; in physical sense,

βῆχες κ. τὸν θώρηκα Aret.CA1.10

:—[voice] Pass., to be agitated, Hp. ll.cc., Morb.4.55.

2 abs., of the winds, rage, D.P. 464.

II [voice] Pass., rush wildly,

ἵππους ἐχέμεν, μηδὲ κλονέεσθαι ὁμίλῳ Il. 4.302

; to be driven in confusion,

ὑπὸ Τυδεΐδῃ κλονέοντο φάλαγγες 5.93

, cf. 11.148, 14.59, etc.;

λαίλαπι κλονεύμενοι Semon.1.15

;

ψάμαθοι κύμασιν ῥιπαῖς τ' ἀνέμων κλονέονται Pi.P.9.48

;

τὸ συμπόσιον ἐκλονεῖτο τῷ γέλωτι Luc.Asin.47

;

κλονεῖσθαι τὴν γαστέρα Ael.NA2.44

.

2 abs., to be beaten by the waves,

ἀκτὰ κυματοπλὴξ κλονεῖται S.OC 1241

(lyr.); παρὰ δ' ἰχθύες ἐκλονέοντο beside the fishes tumbled, Hes.Sc. 317; of bees, swarm,

βομβηδὸν κ. A.R.2.133

: metaph.,

κ. ἡ οἰκουμένη Ph.1.298

; to be shaken in credit, refuted,

τὸ κεκλονημένον ῥῆμα Porph.Chr.35

.

ἀνδρεία, ἡ, [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἀνδραποδ-ηίη (Hdt.7.99), generally written [full] ἀνδρία in the Mss., in agreement with the opinion of A.D.Adv.136.8, refuted by Orusap.EM461.53:— ἀνδρεία is required by the metre in Ar.Nu. 510, and

A may always stand in the few poet. passages where it occurs (Simon.58, A.Th.52, S.El. 983, E.Tr. 674): ἀνδρία is required in E. HF 475 μέγα φρονῶν ἐπ' ἀνδρίᾳ (s.v.l., εὐανδρίᾳ Elmsley): ἀνδρεία is also confirmed by the [dialect] Ion. form ἀνδρηίη:—manliness, manly spirit, opp. δειλία, Il.cc., cf. Arist.Rh. 1366b11, EN 1115a6; also of women, S.El. 983, Arist.Pol. 1260a22;

ἀνδρεία ἡ περὶ τὰς ναυτιλίας Str.3.1.8

:—in pl., brave deeds, Pl.Lg. 922a; ironically,

αἱ διὰ τῶν λόγων ἀνδρεῖαι D.Prooem.45

.

II in bad sense, hardihood, insolence, D. Chr.12.13.

III = ἡ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἡλικία, Antipho.Soph.67a.

IV membrum virile, Artem.1.45.

V skill, LXX Ec.4.4.

ἀνέλεγ-κτος, ον,

A not cross-questioned, safe from being questioned, Th.5.85;

ἡ γλῶττα ἀ. ἡμῖν ἔσται, ἡ δὲ φρὴν οὐκ ἀ. Pl.Tht. 154d

, cf. Phlb. 41b.

2 not refuted,

ἐᾶν τινὰ ἀ. Id.Grg. 467a

;

ἵνα μοι καὶ ἀ. ἡ μαντεία γένοιτο

irrefutable,

Id.Ap. 22a

, cf. Ti. 29b. Adv. -τως, λεγόμενον without refutation or reply, Plu.CG10.

3 of persons also, without trial,

ἀ. διαφυγεῖν Th.6.53

.

ἐλεγκ-τέον, ([etym.] ἐλέγχω)

A one must refute, Pl.Lg. 905d; one must reject, disapprove, Ath.Med. ap. Orib.inc.23.13.

b one must test, Onos.1.19.

c one must convict,

τινά τινος Them.Or.21.253a

.

2 ἐλεγκτέος, α, ον, to be refuted, Str.2.1.35.

ἐλεγκ-τός, ή, όν,

A fit to be refuted or worthy of reproof, Hsch.

ἐνδόσιμος, ον,

A serving as a prelude,

ᾆσμα Artem.2.66

; ψαλμὸς ἐ. τῇ ᾠδῇ, Suid.: but usu. neut. ἐνδόσιμον, τό ( τὸ πρὸ τῆς ᾠδῆς κιθάρισμα, Hsch.); that which gives the key to the tune, in music, Arist.Rh. 1414b24, Mu. 399a19, Hld.3.2, Ael.NA11.1, Poll.1.210: metaph., key-note of a speech, Arist.Rh. 1415a7, Pol. 1339a13, cf. Max.Tyr.7.7, Jul.Ep. 186: generally, signal for a race, Hld.4.3; [ πρόβατα]

πρὸς τὰ ἐ. τῆς σύριγγος ποιμαινόμενα Id.5.14

: metaph., τὸ τοῦ καιροῦ καὶ τῆς ὥρας ἐ. Id.4.16;

τοῦ φιλοσοφεῖν ἐ. ἔδωκαν Phld.Acad.Ind.p.5M.

;

ὥσπερ ἐ. ἕξει πρός τι Plu.2.73b

;

τοῦ λογισμοῦ τὸ ἐ. παρεσχηκότος Porph.Sent. 32

, cf. Luc.Symp.30 (also

ἐ. παρασχέσθαι Dam.Pr. 415

);

λαβεῖν Luc. Alex.19

;

μέχρις ἂν τὸ ἐ. τῆς διαλύσεως σημήνῃ M.Ant.11.20

;

ἐ. τοῖς στρατιώταις ἔργῳ διδούς Hdn.3.6.10

(so prob. as Adj., [ σιτία] ἐ. τῇ πέψει giving the signal for digestion, Plu.2.131c).

II yielding, τὸ ἐ. καὶ πειθήνιον ib.442c, cf. Max.Tyr.1.2, Hld.9.4; of arguments, easily refuted,

κατηγόρησεν ἐνδόσιμα Hyp.Fr. 241

;

ἐνδόσιμα προτείνειν D.H.Rh.8.15

.

ἐξελ-εγκτέος, α, ον,

A to be refuted, Pl.Grg. 508a.

Grammatical information: postpos.

Meaning: `becaue, b. of' (Il.); with gen.; on the meaning in Hom. Porzig Satzinhalte 169. On the final cf. εἶτα: εἶτεν, ἔπειτα: ἔπειτε(ν); ἕνεκον after ἔνδον a. o.; through crosses ἕνεκο, - καν, s. Schwyzer 627 w. n. 4, 406, Schwyzer-Debrunner 552.

Other forms: ἕνεκεν (esp. postclass.); εἵνεκα, - κεν (Ion.), ἔννεκα (Aeol.; s. below); hell. also ἕνεκε, - κο(ν), - καν

Dialectal forms: Myk. e-ne-ka.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The analysis as ἕν-Ϝεκα (*Ϝεκα in οὔφεκα οὑκ ἀρεστῶς H. with Schulze Q. 494 n. 3 ?), to ἑκών (s. v.) etc., is refuted by Mycenaean. - Note the interchange ἕν-, ἕιν- ( ἔνν- hyperaeolic? or metrical lengthening?). Schwyzer 228, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 161, Bolling Lang. 30, 453f. - οὕνεκα = ἕνεκα esp. in Att. poets from a preceding gen. in - ου through false analysis: τούτοὔνεκα was seen as τούτου οὕνεκα (Schwyzer 413). Since Mycenaean there is no etymology; one suggests *h₁neḱ-.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `shaking, quake' (Hes., E. in lyr.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. enesidaone with difficult -e-

Compounds: As 1. member in the ep. compounds ἐνοσί-χθων, ἐννοσί-γαιος `earth-shaker' surnames of Poseidon; in the same meaning ἐννοσίδᾱς (Pi.; with δα- in Δα-μάτηρ (s. Δημήτηρ and v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 203); after this εἰνοσί-φυλλος `shaking off foliage' (Hom.; ἐνν-, εἰν- metr. lengthening; cf. Chantr. Gramm. Hom. 1, 100); cf. Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 26.

Derivatives: ἐνοσιζεται τρέμει, σείεται (Cyr.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Uncertain. The explanation by Pott, followd by many scholars, as *ἔν-Ϝοθ-τις to ὠθέω (s. also ἔθων, ἔθειρα) finds several objections: the sequence - θ-τ- should have given - στ- (cf. e. g. πύσ-τις beside πεῦ-σις); the ο-ablaut as in ἄ-φρων: φρήν is not expected in a τι-deriv., and refuted by Myc.; a prefixal ἐν- is not well explained ("bump against"?). If ἔνοσις is indeed a primary τι-deriv. (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 94f.), we would rather expect a formation like ἄρο-σις. ἔνοσις may have been derived from the compounds. - See Porzig Satzinhalte 193f. M. Janda, Compositiones indogerm. Schindler, 1999, 183-203 assumes a root * h₁enh₃- `to move' from Skt. ánas, Lat. onus ? (but no such root is attested, and its meaning would be `carry one a horse', which seems not adequate; also it does no solve the problem provided by Myc.).

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `strength, power, authority' (Il.; on the meaning Trümpy Fachausdrücke 202 ff.).

Other forms: ep. Ion. (Dor.) also κάρτος, Aeol. κρέτος

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. ἀ-κρατής `without strength, power (over others or over oneself)'; oppos. ἐγ-κρατής `having power over, controlling (oneself)' with ἐγκράτεια, - έω etc.; αὑτο-κρατής `having power over oneself, independent'; more usual αὑτο-κράτωρ `with unlimited power' (Ar., Th.); details in Debrunner FS Tɨèche (Bern 1947) 11f.; also - κρέτης in Aeol. and Arc. Cypr. PN, e. g. Σω-κρέτης.

Derivatives: Beside κράτος, κρέτος there are several adjectives: 1. κρατύς `strong, powerful' (Hom.; only κρατὺς Άργεϊφόντης, verse-end) with κρατύνω, ep. also καρτ- `strengthen, conso;idate, rule' (Il.) with κρατυσμός `strenghtening', κρατυντήριος `id.', - τικός `id.' (medic.), κρατύντωρ `controller' ( PMag. Leid.). - 2. κρατερός (Il., A. Pr. 168, anap.), καρτερός (Il.) `id.' (IA.); also as 1. member, e.g. κρατερό-φρων (Il.). καρτερέω, also with prefix, e.g. δια-, `be steadfast, hold out, overcome onseself' (IA.) with καρτερία (Pl., X.), - ρησις (Pl.) `holding on, firmness', - ρικός (Att.); καρτερόω `strengthen' (Aq., Herm.). - 3. κραταιός `id.' (Il.), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 82); rarely as 1. member, e.g. κραταιό-φρων ( PMag.). With κραταιότης = κράτος (LXX), κραταιόω `strengthen' (LXX, NT) with κραταίωμα, - ωσις (LXX). Fem. κραταιίς (Od.; Schwyzer 385). - 4. Primary comparison: comp. κρείττων, (Atticising) κρείσσων with sec. - ει- for κρέσσων (Ion., Pi.); Dor. κάρρων, Cret. κάρτων; denomin. κρειττόομαι `have excrescences', with κρείττωσις (Thphr.). sup. κράτιστος, ep. κάρτ-, (Il.), with - τεύω `be the best, surpass' (Pi., Att.); -( ε)ία as title, `highness' (pap.). -- 5. Adv. κάρτα `in a high degree, very' (Ion. and trag.). - 6. As 1. member often κραται- ( καρται-), e.g. κραται-γύαλος `with strong breast-pieces' (T 361). Further Κρατι-, Καρτι- in PN, e.g. Κρατί-δημος, Καρτί-νικος; also Κρατ(ο)-, Κρατε- a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 256). Hypocoristic short-names Κρατῖνος (Schwyzer 491, Chantraine Formation 205), Κρατύλος, Κράτυλλος (Leumann Glotta 32, 217 a. 225 A. 1), Κρατιεύς (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 126). On Κρεσφόντης s. v. - 7. Verb: κρατέω (Il.), Aeol. κρετέω, aor. κρατῆσαι (posthom.), κρέτησαι (Sapph.), often with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `controll, possess, rule, conquer'; with ( ἐπι- etc.) κράτησις `power, rule' (Th., LXX), ( δια-, ἐπι-) κρατητικός `controlling' (late), ( δια-)κράτημα `support, grip' (medic.); κρατητής `possessor' (Procl.); κρατῆρας τοὺς κρατοῦντας H. for κρατητῆρας (Lewy KZ 59, 182). But ἐγκρατέω from ἐγ-κρατής, ναυ-κρατέω, - τία from ναυ-κρατής etc.; s. above. καρταίνειν κρατεῖν H. -- 8. On κρατευταί s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [??] * kret- `strength' [Pok. wrongly 531 * kar-!!]

Etymology: With the full grade in Aeol. κρέτος interchanges regularly the zero grade in κρατύς, κάρτα (on ρα: αρ Schwyzer 342). Through analogy arose both κράτος, κάρτος and the compp. κάρρων \< *κάρσ(σ)ων \< *κάρτι̯ων and κάρτων beside the old fullgrade κρέσσων \< *κρέτι̯ων; details in Seiler Steigerungsformen 53 ff. A zero grade of the σ-stem in κρέτος is supposed in Κρεσ-φόντης ( \< *Κρετσ-; Kretschmer Glotta 24, 237, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 26). - The relation of the forms is not always clear. The adjective κρατερός, καρτερός may conrain a alternating ρ-stem (Benveniste Origines 17, Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), if it is not an analogical innovation to κράτος, κρατέω (e.g. Schwyzer 482). The form Κρατι-, Καρτι-, which appears only in PN, will not be old (like e.g. in κυδι-άνειρα: κῦδος), but rest on analogy (after Άλκι-, Καλλι- a. o.; Frisk Nom. 70). On κάρτα cf. e.g. τάχα, ἅμα. The 1. member κραται- may have been built after παλαι- a. o.; and κραταιός after παλαιός? (cf. Schwyzer 448). Diff. Risch 117: κραταιός back formation to κραταιή for *κράταια, fem. to κρατύς ( Πλαταιαί: πλατύς). Also κρατέω is discussed. Against the obvious explanation as denominative of κράτος (Schwyzer 724; κρατῆσαι only posthom.) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 113ff.; he assumes in κρατέω a backformation to ἐπικρατέω from ἐπι-κρατής (Hom. only adv. ἐπικρατέως). Again diff. Specht KZ 62, 35 ff. - An exact agreement to κράτος etc. is not found. Close are Skt. krátu- m. `power, mind, will', Av. xratu- m. `id.'. The objections that the Indo-Ir. word indicates primarily spiritual qualities ar refuted by OE cræft ` Kraft, physical strength, power', also `insight, craft etc.'. The Germanic word for `hard', Got. hardus etc., which is usually adduced, differs in vowel (IE *kortú- against *kr̥tú- to * kret-). - Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. krátuh.

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